Recursos humanos. El doble rol de la inversión en recursos humanos en la desigualdad social
Este trabajo ha obtenido el Premio Estudios Financieros 2020 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos.
Una cuestión clave pendiente de resolución es reconocer cuál es el papel de la gestión de los recursos humanos (RR. HH.) en el logro de un desarrollo sostenible. El propósito de esta investigación es avanzar en este vínculo empresa-sociedad, centrando la atención en la repercusión de la inversión en RR. HH. sobre la desigualdad social. Basándose en la literatura sobre sostenibilidad, se propone que la inversión en RR. HH. y el equilibrio organizativo de las empresas reducen la desigualdad social. El equilibrio organizativo representa la equidad entre los intereses de personas empleadas y empresa, definiéndose en función del ajuste entre inversión en RR. HH. y productividad laboral. Por consiguiente, la inversión en RR. HH. presenta un doble papel al actuar como componente del equilibrio organizativo y como antecedente de la desigualdad social. A partir del análisis longitudinal de una amplia muestra de 2.051 empresas españolas durante un periodo de 5 años (2012-2016), los resultados corroboran que cuanto mayor sea el equilibrio organizativo, menor será la desigualdad social. Esta influencia se constata cuando se considera conjuntamente el efecto directo y el efecto indirecto, vía inversión en RR. HH., del equilibrio organizativo sobre la desigualdad social. Una relación de intercambio social equitativa entre personas empleadas y empresa caracteriza la sostenibilidad corporativa y mejora el desarrollo sostenible de la sociedad al limitar su nivel de desigualdad social.
Palabras clave: gestión sostenible de los recursos humanos; inversión en recursos humanos; desigualdad de ingresos; sostenibilidad social; objetivos de desarrollo sostenible; empresa y sociedad..
Vicente Roca Puig
Catedrático de Organización de Empresas.
Universitat Jaume I
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RTSS. CEF. NÚM. 451 (octubre 2020)
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